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Articles Posted in Civil Litigation

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Avoiding Workers’ Compensation Immunity by Estoppel — Not So Fast!

Florida’s civil liability and workers’ compensation systems handle legal matters for people injured or who have died in accidents. The systems have some similarities and differences. The biggest differences are that the plaintiff must prove fault to recover under civil law, and recoveries for non-economic damages (such as pain and…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Look Past Native Indian Sovereign Immunity for Private Party Personal Injury Liability

In Florida, Native American tribes operate popular business establishments. On occasion, patrons frequenting the establishments are hurt by dangerous conditions created through negligence. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 2, Clause 3; Article I, Section 8; The Fourteenth Amendment), treaties, and laws, authorize Native American tribes to govern themselves as sovereign…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Abuse of Power

Republicans control all phases of lawmaking at the state level in Florida. This has been the case since the election of Jeb Bush as governor in 1998, complementing their majorities in the Florida House and Senate. Presently, they rule by supermajority in the Legislature, meaning they don’t have to negotiate…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Sovereign Immunity (“The King can do no wrong”) Harms We the People

One of the primary public policy reasons for having a robust civil justice system that is able to exact full compensatory damages from negligent actors is to encourage safe conduct. Short of criminal punishment, nothing motivates people and corporations to act responsibly more than the threat of losing money. Sovereign…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Duty and Proximate Cause are Essential Elements of Every Florida Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Negligence Case

Duty and proximate cause are essential elements of every Florida personal injury and wrongful death negligence case. DUTY: “Where a defendant’s conduct creates a foreseeable zone of risk, the law generally will recognize a duty placed upon defendant either to lessen the risk or see that sufficient precautions are taken to protect…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Workers’ Compensation Immunity for Florida Contractors and Subcontractors

It is sometimes possible for employees injured on the job in Florida to be compensated through both the state’s workers’ compensation system and its civil justice system. As to the compensation available and the manner in which the compensation is sought and received, the systems are more different than they…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Interplay Between Vicarious Liability and Negligent Hiring, Employment, and Entrustment Cases

Under the legal doctrine of respondeat superior, employers can be held liable for the negligent or purposeful acts of their employees. See Valeo v. East Coast Furniture Co., 95 So. 3d 921, 925 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (holding negligence of employee imputed to employer when employee “committed the negligent act:…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Protecting Privacy and Privilege Rights in Non-Party Requests for Documents

In just about every personal injury and workers’ compensation case, the defense will seek the production of records from non-parties to the suit. The typical non-party targets are medical providers and insurance companies. In most instances, the records sought were not generated in connection with the subject case. The defense…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Fundamentals Always Matter — Proximate Cause

In every negligence action for injuries or wrongful death the plaintiff must establish (1) a duty owed by the defendant; (2) the defendant’s breach of the duty; and (3) and that said breach proximately caused the damages claimed. In negligence actions Florida courts follow the more likely than not standard…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis Signs Legislation Limiting Access to Courts in Personal Injury Cases

On March 24, 2023, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signed into law a bill passed by the Florida Legislature aimed at limiting the rights of individuals from seeking and obtaining civil redress in the courts for personal injuries. The bill is House Bill 837. Parts of the bill became effective when…

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